Studying in Germany

There are over 400 higher education institutions in Germany. These can be divided into three groups:

1. State universities
   Universities offer a wide range of degree programmes. From natural sciences and humanities to medicine, economics and technology. The focus is on scientific theory and research. If you are planning to do a doctorate later on, a university is usually the right choice.
2. Higher education colleges
   Higher education colleges are more practice-oriented than universities. They often work closely with companies and offer degree programmes with direct career relevance, such as engineering, social work or media. Universities of applied sciences are particularly attractive to students who want to quickly prepare for a specific profession. 
3. Private universities
   Private universities are often more specialised and usually charge higher tuition fees. In return, they offer smaller study groups and often closer supervision. It is important to ensure that the private university is state-recognised and that the degree programmes are accredited.

Most degree programmes in Germany are divided into two stages, with an optional third stage.

• The Bachelor's degree is the first academic degree, which usually takes three to four years to complete, depending on the degree programme.
• The Master's degree builds on the Bachelor's degree and usually takes one to two years to complete. The Master's degree deepens the specialist knowledge acquired in the Bachelor's degree.
• The doctorate is the highest and most demanding academic qualification, leading to a doctoral title. 

In certain subjects such as medicine, law, or teaching, special rules and types of degrees apply (e.g., state examinations).

German universities offer different types of courses:

• Lectures are courses attended by large numbers of students. The professor or lecturer gives a presentation, and the students take notes. This format is often offered to students in earlier semesters
• Seminars are much more interactive than lectures and the group of students is smaller. Scientific texts are used as a basis for discussion and academic exchange. 
• Colloquiums are courses for students who want to write a thesis. They allow participants to present their thesis topic and discuss it with fellow students and the professor.
• Internships or practical modules are required in many degree programmes during the course of study so that students can get to know working life at an early stage.

The dual study programme is a special form of study. It alternates between theoretical phases at the university and practical phases in a company. This allows students to gain valuable professional experience and ensures that they are optimally prepared for the job market after graduation. Dual study programmes are particularly popular in technical and economic fields and are offered at both universities of applied sciences and traditional universities. 

The academic year is divided into two semesters:

• Winter semester: begins on the first of October
• Summer semester: begins on the first of April

Most degree programmes start in the winter semester. Exams typically take place at the end of the semester, usually in February/March and July/August. As a rule, credit points (CP) are awarded for each module completed.

Unlike in other countries, students at German universities are largely responsible for organising their own studies. They often have to put together their own timetable. This has the advantage that students can choose courses that better aligned with their interests. Independence and good time management are, therefore, important for academic success in Germany.

Most universities in Germany are state-funded and do not charge general tuition fees. However, there is a semester fee of between €270 and €370 per semester. The costs vary from university to university. This often includes 

• Use of university services (e.g. library, sports facilities)
• A semester ticket for public transport
• A contribution to the student services organisation (e.g. student halls of residence, canteen)

Financing Options

International students can take advantage of various forms of financial support:

• Scholarships, e.g. through the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
• Support programmes offered by individual universities and federal states
• In certain cases: Application for BAföG (state educational support)